用Python编写一个简单的俄罗斯方块游戏的教程

from Tkinter import * 
  from tkMessageBox import * 
  import random 
  import time 
  #俄罗斯方块界面的高度 
  HEIGHT = 18 
  #俄罗斯方块界面的宽度 
  WIDTH  = 10 
  ACTIVE = 1 
  PASSIVE = 0 
  TRUE  = 1 
  FALSE  = 0 
  root=Tk();root.title('Russia') 
  class App(Frame): 
    def __init__(self,master): 
      Frame.__init__(self) 
      master.bind('<Up>',self.Up) 
      master.bind('<Left>',self.Left) 
      master.bind('<Right>',self.Right) 
      master.bind('<Down>',self.Down) 
      #master.bind('<Down>',self.Space) 
      master.bind('<space>',self.Space) 
      master.bind('<Control-Shift-Key-F12>',self.Play) 
      master.bind('<Key-F6>',self.Pause) 
      self.backg="#%02x%02x%02x" % (120,150,30) 
      self.frontg="#%02x%02x%02x" % (40,120,150) 
      self.nextg="#%02x%02x%02x" % (150,100,100) 
      self.flashg="#%02x%02x%02x" % (210,130,100) 
      self.LineDisplay=Label(master,text='Lines: ',bg='black',fg='red') 
      self.Line=Label(master,text='0',bg='black',fg='red') 
      self.ScoreDisplay=Label(master,text='Score: ',bg='black',fg='red') 
      self.Score=Label(master,text='0',bg='black',fg='red') 
      #Display time 
      self.SpendTimeDisplay=Label(master,text='Time: ',bg='black',fg='red') 
      self.SpendTime=Label(master,text='0.0',bg='black',fg='red') 
      self.LineDisplay.grid(row=HEIGHT-2,column=WIDTH,columnspan=2) 
      self.Line.grid(row=HEIGHT-2,column=WIDTH+2,columnspan=3) 
      self.ScoreDisplay.grid(row=HEIGHT-1,column=WIDTH,columnspan=2) 
      self.Score.grid(row=HEIGHT-1,column=WIDTH+2,columnspan=3) 
      #Display time 
      self.SpendTimeDisplay.grid(row=HEIGHT-4,column=WIDTH,columnspan=2) 
      self.SpendTime.grid(row=HEIGHT-4,column=WIDTH+2,columnspan=3) 
      self.TotalTime=0.0 
      self.TotalLine=0;self.TotalScore=0 
      #Game over 
      self.isgameover=FALSE 
      #Pause 
      self.isPause=FALSE 
      #Start 
      self.isStart=FALSE 
      self.NextList=[];self.NextRowList=[] 
      r=0;c=0 
      for k in range(4*4): 
        LN=Label(master,text='  ',bg=str(self.nextg),fg='white',relief=FLAT,bd=4) 
        LN.grid(row=r,column=WIDTH+c,sticky=N+E+S+W) 
        self.NextRowList.append(LN) 
        c=c+1 
        if c>=4: 
          r=r+1;c=0 
          self.NextList.append(self.NextRowList) 
          self.NextRowList=[] 
      self.BlockList=[];self.LabelList=[] 
      self.BlockRowList=[];self.LabelRowList=[] 
      row=0;col=0 
      for i in range(HEIGHT*WIDTH): 
        L=Label(master,text='  ',bg=str(self.backg),fg='white',relief=FLAT,bd=4) 
        L.grid(row=row,column=col,sticky=N+E+S+W) 
        L.row=row;L.col=col;L.isactive=PASSIVE 
        self.BlockRowList.append(0);self.LabelRowList.append(L) 
        col=col+1 
        if col>=WIDTH: 
          row=row+1;col=0 
          self.BlockList.append(self.BlockRowList) 
          self.LabelList.append(self.LabelRowList) 
          self.BlockRowList=[];self.LabelRowList=[] 
      #file 
      fw=open('text.txt','a') 
      fw.close() 
      hasHead=FALSE 
      f=open('text.txt','r') 
      if f.read(5)=='score': 
        hasHead=TRUE 
      f.close() 
      self.file=open('text.txt','r+a') 
      if hasHead==FALSE: 
        self.file.write('score  line  time  scorePtime  linePtime  scorePline  date/n') 
        self.file.flush() 
         
      self.time=1000 
      self.OnTimer() 
    def __del__(self): 
      #self.file.close() 
      pass 
       
    def Pause(self,event): 
      self.isPause=1-self.isPause 
    def Up(self,event): 
      BL=self.BlockList;LL=self.LabelList 
      Moveable=TRUE 
      xtotal=0;ytotal=0;count=0 
      for i in range(HEIGHT): 
        for j in range(WIDTH): 
          if LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE: 
            xtotal=xtotal+i;ytotal=ytotal+j;count=count+1 
      SourceList=[];DestList=[] 
      for i in range(HEIGHT): 
        for j in range(WIDTH): 
          if LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE: 
            x0=(xtotal+ytotal)/count;y0=(ytotal-xtotal )/count 
            xr=(xtotal+ytotal)%count;yr=(ytotal-xtotal)%count 
            x=x0-j;y=y0+i 
            if xr>=count/2:x=x+1 
            if yr>=count/2:y=y+1 
            SourceList.append([i,j]);DestList.append([x,y]) 
            if x<0 or x>=HEIGHT or y<0 or y>=WIDTH:Moveable=FALSE 
            if x>=0 and x<HEIGHT and y>=0 and y<WIDTH and BL[x][y]==1 and LL[x][y].isactive==PASSIVE:Moveable=FALSE 
      if Moveable==TRUE: 
        for i in range(len(SourceList)): 
          self.Empty(SourceList[i][0],SourceList[i][1]) 
        for i in range(len(DestList)): 
          self.Fill(DestList[i][0],DestList[i][1]) 
    def Left(self,event): 
      BL=self.BlockList;LL=self.LabelList 
      Moveable=TRUE 
      for i in range(HEIGHT): 
        for j in range(WIDTH): 
          if LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE and j-1<0:Moveable=FALSE 
          if LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE and j-1>=0 and BL[i][j-1]==1 and LL[i][j-1].isactive==PASSIVE:Moveable=FALSE 
      if Moveable==TRUE: 
        for i in range(HEIGHT): 
          for j in range(WIDTH): 
            if j-1>=0 and LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE and BL[i][j-1]==0: 
              self.Fill(i,j-1);self.Empty(i,j) 
    def Right(self,event): 
      BL=self.BlockList;LL=self.LabelList 
      Moveable=TRUE 
      for i in range(HEIGHT): 
        for j in range(WIDTH): 
          if LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE and j+1>=WIDTH:Moveable=FALSE 
          if LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE and j+1<WIDTH and BL[i][j+1]==1 and LL[i][j+1].isactive==PASSIVE:Moveable=FALSE 
      if Moveable==TRUE: 
        for i in range(HEIGHT-1,-1,-1): 
          for j in range(WIDTH-1,-1,-1): 
            if j+1<WIDTH and LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE and BL[i][j+1]==0: 
              self.Fill(i,j+1);self.Empty(i,j) 
    def Space(self,event): 
      while 1: 
        if self.Down(0)==FALSE:break 
    def OnTimer(self): 
      if self.isStart==TRUE and self.isPause==FALSE: 
        self.TotalTime = self.TotalTime + float(self.time)/1000 
        self.SpendTime.config(text=str(self.TotalTime)) 
       
      if self.isPause==FALSE: 
        self.Down(0) 
      if self.TotalScore>=1000:self.time=900 
      if self.TotalScore>=2000:self.time=750 
      if self.TotalScore>=3000:self.time=600 
      if self.TotalScore>=4000:self.time=400 
      self.after(self.time,self.OnTimer) 
    def Down(self,event): 
      BL=self.BlockList;LL=self.LabelList 
      Moveable=TRUE 
      for i in range(HEIGHT): 
        for j in range(WIDTH): 
          if LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE and i+1>=HEIGHT:Moveable=FALSE 
          if LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE and i+1<HEIGHT and BL[i+1][j]==1 and LL[i+1][j].isactive==PASSIVE:Moveable=FALSE 
      if Moveable==TRUE: 
        for i in range(HEIGHT-1,-1,-1): 
          for j in range(WIDTH-1,-1,-1): 
            if i+1<HEIGHT and LL[i][j].isactive==ACTIVE and BL[i+1][j]==0: 
              self.Fill(i+1,j);self.Empty(i,j) 
      if Moveable==FALSE: 
        for i in range(HEIGHT): 
          for j in range(WIDTH): 
            LL[i][j].isactive=PASSIVE 
        self.JudgeLineFill() 
        self.Start() 
        if self.isgameover==TRUE:showinfo('T_T','The game is over!');self.Distroy();return FALSE 
        for i in range(4): 
          for j in range(4): 
            self.NextEmpty(i,j) 
        self.Rnd() 
      return Moveable 
    def JudgeLineFill(self): 
      BL=self.BlockList;LL=self.LabelList 
      count=0;LineList=[] 
      for i in range(WIDTH):LineList.append(1) 
      #display flash 
      for i in range(HEIGHT): 
        if BL[i]==LineList: 
          count=count+1 
          for k in range(WIDTH): 
            LL[i][k].config(bg=str(self.flashg)) 
            LL[i][k].update() 
      if count!=0:self.after(100) 
      #delete block 
      for i in range(HEIGHT): 
        if BL[i]==LineList: 
          #count=count+1 
          for j in range(i,0,-1): 
            for k in range(WIDTH): 
              BL[j][k]=BL[j-1][k] 
              LL[j][k]['relief']=LL[j-1][k].cget('relief') 
              LL[j][k]['bg']=LL[j-1][k].cget('bg') 
          for l in range(WIDTH): 
            BL[0][l]=0 
            LL[0][l].config(relief=FLAT,bg=str(self.backg)) 
      self.TotalLine=self.TotalLine+count 
      if count==1:self.TotalScore=self.TotalScore+1*WIDTH 
      if count==2:self.TotalScore=self.TotalScore+3*WIDTH 
      if count==3:self.TotalScore=self.TotalScore+6*WIDTH 
      if count==4:self.TotalScore=self.TotalScore+10*WIDTH 
      self.Line.config(text=str(self.TotalLine)) 
      self.Score.config(text=str(self.TotalScore)) 
    def Fill(self,i,j): 
      if j<0:return 
      if self.BlockList[i][j]==1:self.isgameover=TRUE 
      self.BlockList[i][j]=1 
      self.LabelList[i][j].isactive=ACTIVE 
      self.LabelList[i][j].config(relief=RAISED,bg=str(self.frontg)) 
    def Empty(self,i,j): 
      self.BlockList[i][j]=0 
      self.LabelList[i][j].isactive=PASSIVE 
      self.LabelList[i][j].config(relief=FLAT,bg=str(self.backg)) 
    def Play(self,event): 
      showinfo('Made in China','^_</font></p> 
  <p><span mce_name="em" style="font-style: italic;" class="Apple-style-span" mce_style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small; " id="" mce_style="font-size: small;"><br></span></span></p> 
  <p><span mce_name="em" style="font-style: italic;" class="Apple-style-span" mce_style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small; " id="" mce_style="font-size: small;">  </span></span></p> 
  <p><br></p>) 
    def NextFill(self,i,j): 
      self.NextList[i][j].config(relief=RAISED,bg=str(self.frontg)) 
    def NextEmpty(self,i,j): 
      self.NextList[i][j].config(relief=FLAT,bg=str(self.nextg)) 
    def Distroy(self): 
      #save 
      if self.TotalScore!=0: 
        savestr='%-9u%-8u%-8.2f%-14.2f%-13.2f%-14.2f%s/n' % (self.TotalScore,self.TotalLine,self.TotalTime 
                          ,self.TotalScore/self.TotalTime 
                          ,self.TotalLine/self.TotalTime 
                          ,float(self.TotalScore)/self.TotalLine 
                          ,time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime())) 
        self.file.seek(0,2) 
        self.file.write(savestr) 
        self.file.flush() 
       
      for i in range(HEIGHT): 
        for j in range(WIDTH): 
          self.Empty(i,j) 
      self.TotalLine=0;self.TotalScore=0;self.TotalTime=0.0 
      self.Line.config(text=str(self.TotalLine)) 
      self.Score.config(text=str(self.TotalScore)) 
      self.SpendTime.config(text=str(self.TotalTime)) 
      self.isgameover=FALSE 
      self.isStart=FALSE 
      self.time=1000 
      for i in range(4): 
        for j in range(4): 
          self.NextEmpty(i,j) 
    def Start(self): 
      if self.x==1:self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2-2);self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2-1);self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2);self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2+1) 
      if self.x==2:self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2-1);self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2-1);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2) 
      if self.x==3:self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2-1);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2+1) 
      if self.x==4:self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2-1);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2-1);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2+1) 
      if self.x==5:self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2+1);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2-1);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2+1) 
      if self.x==6:self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2-1);self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2+1) 
      if self.x==7:self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2);self.Fill(0,WIDTH/2+1);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2-1);self.Fill(1,WIDTH/2) 
      self.isStart=TRUE 
    def Rnd(self): 
      self.x=random.randint(1,7) 
      if self.x==1:self.NextFill(0,0);self.NextFill(0,1);self.NextFill(0,2);self.NextFill(0,3) 
      if self.x==2:self.NextFill(0,1);self.NextFill(0,2);self.NextFill(1,1);self.NextFill(1,2) 
      if self.x==3:self.NextFill(0,2);self.NextFill(1,1);self.NextFill(1,2);self.NextFill(1,3) 
      if self.x==4:self.NextFill(0,1);self.NextFill(1,1);self.NextFill(1,2);self.NextFill(1,3) 
      if self.x==5:self.NextFill(0,3);self.NextFill(1,1);self.NextFill(1,2);self.NextFill(1,3) 
      if self.x==6:self.NextFill(0,1);self.NextFill(0,2);self.NextFill(1,2);self.NextFill(1,3) 
      if self.x==7:self.NextFill(0,2);self.NextFill(0,3);self.NextFill(1,1);self.NextFill(1,2) 
    def RndFirst(self): 
      self.x=random.randint(1,7) 
    def Show(self): 
      self.file.seek(0) 
      strHeadLine=self.file.readline() 
      dictLine={} 
      strTotalLine='' 
      for OneLine in self.file.readlines(): 
        temp=int(OneLine[:5]) 
        dictLine[temp]=OneLine 
         
      list=sorted(dictLine.items(),key=lambda d:d[0]) 
      ii=0     
      for onerecord in reversed(list): 
        ii=ii+1 
        if ii<11: 
          strTotalLine+=onerecord[1] 
      showinfo('Ranking', strHeadLine+strTotalLine) 
  def Start(): 
    app.RndFirst();app.Start();app.Rnd() 
  def End(): 
    app.Distroy() 
  def Set(): 
    pass 
  def Show(): 
    app.Show() 
   
  mainmenu=Menu(root) 
  root['menu']=mainmenu 
  gamemenu=Menu(mainmenu) 
  mainmenu.add_cascade(label='game',menu=gamemenu) 
  gamemenu.add_command(label='start',command=Start) 
  gamemenu.add_command(label='end',command=End) 
  gamemenu.add_separator() 
  gamemenu.add_command(label='exit',command=root.quit) 
  setmenu=Menu(mainmenu) 
  mainmenu.add_cascade(label='set',menu=setmenu) 
  setmenu.add_command(label='set',command=Set) 
  showmenu=Menu(mainmenu) 
  mainmenu.add_cascade(label='show',menu=showmenu) 
  showmenu.add_command(label='show',command=Show) 
  app=App(root) 
  root.mainloop()