MySQL取出随机数据
他们原来都想用PHP的实现随机,但取出多条好像要进行两次以上查询.
翻了手册,找到了下面这个语句,可以完成任务了,但效率较低
SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 5;
rand在手册里是这么说的:
RAND()
RAND(N)
返回在范围0到1.0内的随机浮点值。如果一个整数参数N被指定,它被用作种子值。
mysql> select RAND();
-> 0.5925
mysql> select RAND(20);
-> 0.1811
mysql> select RAND(20);
-> 0.1811
mysql> select RAND();
-> 0.2079
mysql> select RAND();
-> 0.7888
你不能在一个ORDER BY子句用RAND()值使用列,因为ORDER BY将重复计算列多次。然而在MySQL3.23中,你可以做: SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY RAND(),这是有利于得到一个来自SELECT * FROM table1,table2 WHERE a=b AND c<d ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1000的集合的随机样本。注意在一个WHERE子句里的一个RAND()将在每次WHERE被执行时重新评估。
但我试了一下,8千条记录的表,执行一次需要0.08 sec,.慢了些
后来请教了google,得到如下代码
SELECT * FROM table_name AS r1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM table_name)) AS id) AS r2 WHERE r1.id >= r2.id ORDER BY r1.id ASC LIMIT 5;
执行效率需要0.02 sec.可惜的是,只有mysql 4.1.*以上才支持这样的子查询.
下面是其它网友的补充:
select id from zhyx_items order by rand() 这样效率太低了
优化sql语句之后:
SELECT t1.id FROM zhyx_items AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM zhyx_items)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM zhyx_items))+ (SELECT MIN(id) FROM zhyx_items)) AS id) AS t2 WHERE t1.id >= t2.id ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 0,5;
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