postgresql限制某个用户仅连接某一个数据库的操作

(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/11/25 浏览：3 次 )

创建数据库bbb且owner为用户b：

postgres9.6@[local]:5432 postgres# create database bbb owner b;
CREATE DATABASE
Time: 259.099 ms

默认情况下使用用户c也可以连接数据库bbb：

postgres9.6@[local]:5432 postgres# \c bbb c
You are now connected to database "bbb" as user "c".

回收public的connect on database bbb权限：

c@[local]:5432 bbb# \c postgres postgres9.6
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres9.6".
postgres9.6@[local]:5432 postgres# revoke connect on database bbb from public;
REVOKE
Time: 2.088 ms

此时用户c没有了连接数据库bbb的权限：

postgres9.6@[local]:5432 postgres# \c bbb c
FATAL: permission denied for database "bbb"
DETAIL: User does not have CONNECT privilege.
Previous connection kept

但bbb数据库的owner用户b可以连接数据库：

postgres9.6@[local]:5432 postgres# \c bbb b
You are now connected to database "bbb" as user "b".
b@[local]:5432 bbb#

此种情况下超级用户也可以连接该数据库：

b@[local]:5432 bbb# \c bbb postgres9.6
You are now connected to database "bbb" as user "postgres9.6".
postgres9.6@[local]:5432 bbb# 
postgres9.6@[local]:5432 bbb# \du
                  List of roles
 Role name |             Attributes             | Member of 
-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 a      |                              | {}
 b      |                              | {}
 c      |                              | {}
 postgres9.6 | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}

另外一种方法：从pg_hba.conf中限定：

 # TYPE DATABASE    USER      ADDRESS         METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local  all       all                  trust 
# IPv4 local connections:
host  all       all       127.0.0.1/32      trust
...
#
host  all  all        0.0.0.0/0       md5

补充：Postgres限制每个用户只能连接指定数量的session，防止服务器资源紧张

限制每个用户只能连接指定数量的session，防止服务器资源紧张

（1）创建测试用户test:

highgo=#create user test;
CREATEROLE
highgo=#\du
               List of roles
 Role name |          Attributes          | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------+----------
 highgo  | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}
 test   |                        | {}

（2）设置仅允许用户test使用一个连接

highgo=#ALTER ROLE test CONNECTION LIMIT 1;
ALTERROLE

（3）在session 1中使用test用户连接highgo数据库

highgo=>\c highgo test
Youare now connected to database "highgo" as user "test".
highgo=>

（4）在session 2中也使用test用户连接highgo数据库，会出现如下错误：

highgo=#\c highgo test
致命错误: 由角色"test"发起的连接太多了
Previousconnection kept

（5）查询用户test链接限制

highgo=>SELECT rolconnlimit FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname = 'test';
 rolconnlimit
--------------
      1
(1row)

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方，望不吝赐教。

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