Ubuntu18.04 Server版安装及使用(图文)

# cat /etc/hostname 
hechunping

# sed -i '/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s/"$/net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"/' /etc/default/grub
# update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-55-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-55-generic
done
# reboot
# sed -i 's/ens33/eth0/' /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

# 默认情况下，ubuntu不允许root"htmlcode">

官方文档：https://netplan.io/

Ubuntu 从 17.10 开始，已放弃在 /etc/network/interfaces "htmlcode">

root@hechunping:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
 version: 2
 renderer: networkd
 ethernets:
  eth0:
   dhcp4: no
   addresses: [192.168.7.132/24]
   gateway4: 192.168.7.2
   nameservers:
    addresses: [223.6.6.6]
root@hechunping:~# netplan apply


2.4.2 配置多网卡静态IP


# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
 version: 2
 renderer: networkd
 ethernets:
  eth0:
   dhcp4: no
   addresses: [172.20.7.34/16]
   gateway4: 172.20.0.1
   nameservers:
    addresses: [223.6.6.6]
  eth1:
   dhcp4: no
   addresses: [192.168.7.34/24]
   routes:
    - to: 172.20.0.0/16
     via: 192.168.7.2
# netplan apply


2.4.3 单网卡桥接


# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
 version: 2
 renderer: networkd
 ethernets:
  eth0:
   dhcp4: no
 bridges:
  br0:
   dhcp4: no
   addresses: [172.20.7.34/16]
   gateway4: 172.20.0.1
   nameservers:
    addresses: [223.6.6.6]
   interfaces:
    - eth0
# netplan apply


2.4.4 多网卡桥接


将br0和br1分别桥接到eth0和eth1。
# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
 version: 2
 renderer: networkd
 ethernets:
  eth0:
   dhcp4: no
  eth1:
   dhcp4: no
 bridges:
  br0:
   dhcp4: no
   addresses: [172.20.7.34/16]
   gateway4: 172.20.0.1
   nameservers:
    addresses: [223.6.6.6]
   interfaces:
    - eth0
  br1:
   dhcp4: no
   addresses: [192.168.7.34/24]
   routes:
    - to: 172.20.0.0/16
     via: 192.168.7.2
   interfaces:
    - eth1
root@hechunping:~# netplan apply


2.4.5 双网卡绑定


需要提前安装好bridge命令，两块网卡使用同一种网络模式
# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
 version: 2
 renderer: networkd
 ethernets:
  eth0:
   dhcp4: no
  eth1:
   dhcp4: no
 bonds:
  bond0:
   interfaces:
    - eth0
    - eth1
   addresses: [172.20.7.34/16]
   gateway4: 172.20.0.1
   nameservers:
    addresses: [223.6.6.6,223.5.5.5]
   parameters:
    mode: active-backup
    mii-monitor-interval: 100
# poweroff
# netplan apply


2.4.6 双网卡绑定+桥接


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多"htmlcode">

# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
 version: 2
 renderer: networkd
 ethernets:
  eth0:
   dhcp4: no
  eth1:
   dhcp4: no
  eth2:
   dhcp4: no
  eth3:
   dhcp4: no
 bonds:
  bond0:
   interfaces:
    - eth0
    - eth1
   parameters:
    mode: active-backup
    mii-monitor-interval: 100

  bond1:
   interfaces:
    - eth2
    - eth3
   parameters:
    mode: active-backup
    mii-monitor-interval: 100
 bridges:
  br0:
   dhcp4: no
   addresses: [172.20.7.34/16]
   gateway4: 172.20.0.1
   nameservers:
    addresses: [223.6.6.6,223.5.5.5]
   interfaces:
    - bond0
  br1:
   dhcp4: no
   addresses: [192.168.7.34/24]
   routes:
    - to: 172.20.0.0/16
     via: 192.168.7.2
   interfaces:
    - bond1
# netplan apply


3 软件包管理
3.1 修改软件仓库地址


阿"htmlcode">

apt list #apt列出仓库软件包，等于yum list
apt search NAME #搜索安装包
apt show apache2 #查看某个安装包的详细信息
apt install apache2 #在线安装软件包
apt remove apache2 #卸载单个软件包但是保留配置"htmlcode">

rpm：RPM(Red Hat Package Manager)，是基于Red hat的Linux Distribution的包管理系统，同时也指rpm包本"dpkg "是"Debian Packager "的简写,为 "Debian"专"htmlcode">

# pwd
/usr/local/src
解压"1.8.0_212"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_212-b10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.212-b10, mixed mode)


3.5 安装OpenJDK


# apt install openjdk-8-jdk


3.6 安装常"htmlcode">

# apt purge ufw lxd lxd-client lxcfs lxc-common
# apt install iproute2 ntpdate tcpdump telnet traceroute nfs-kernel-server nfs-common lrzsz tree openssl libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev ntpdate tcpdump telnet traceroute gcc openssh-server lrzsz tree openssl libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev ntpdate tcpdump telnet traceroute iotop unzip zip


3.7 系统资源限制优化


#cat /etc/security/limits.conf
#root账"htmlcode">

# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Disable netfilter on bridges.
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
# # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
# # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
# TCP kernel paramater
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 1048576 1572864
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
# socket buffer
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.core.somaxconn = 20480
net.core.optmem_max = 81920
# TCP conn
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 15
# tcp conn reuse
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# keepalive conn
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10001 65000
# swap
vm.overcommit_memory = 0
vm.swappiness = 10
#net.ipv4.conf.eth1.rp_filter = 0
#net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
#net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
#net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
#net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2


以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。

            
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