Linux+php+apache+oracle环境搭建之CentOS下安装Oracle数据库
(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/11/5 浏览：3 次 )
这里推荐使用OTK脚本安装Oracle，会大大提高安装Oracle的成功系数。
Description oraToolKit is the Swiss Army Knife for Oracle. Standards and well designed tools help DBA's mastering Oracle 10g / 11g throughout the whole lifecycle. OTK runs on Linux, zLinux, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX and other UNIX based systems. 来自 <http://sourceforge.net/projects/oratoolkit/"htmlcode"># /opt/oracle/otk/current/bin/installManager swReqCheck osSetup11gR2.cfg .. .. .. 20140419_010832: Info: Action swReqCheck of installManager ended with 44 WARNINGS我的系统安装的是CentOS 6.5 64bit - Basic Server，新系统缺少的安装包较多，检查出44个WARNINGS。
其中43个缺少的安装包，一个可忽略的WARNING:
# 20140419_011022: Warning: Oracle software runs on CentOS however this combination is NOT supported by Oracle
安装必须安装的安装包：用一个Shell脚本来解决问题，OTK提供了必须安装的安装包清单。
#先拼装命令 REQ_FILE_DIR="/opt/oracle/otk/current/conf/installManager/requirement" REQ_FILE_PATH="$REQ_FILE_DIR/ora11gR2-redhat-5-x86_64.pkg.lst" YUM_COMMAND=$(echo "yum -y install") YUM_COMMAND+=$(egrep -v "#" $REQ_FILE_PATH | grep 32-bit | awk '{ print " "$1".i[356]86" }') YUM_COMMAND+=$(egrep -v "#" $REQ_FILE_PATH | grep 64-bit | awk '{ print " "$1".x86_64" }') #用echo看看最终拼装的命令是什么样 echo $YUM_COMMAND #执行命令 $YUM_COMMAND #再次执行环境检查 /opt/oracle/otk/current/bin/installManager swReqCheck osSetup11gR2.cfg再次检查结果：
# 20130521_170131: Info: Action swReqCheck of installManager with ONE WARNING
剩下一个可忽略的警告。说明环境已经满足Oracle安装了。
5. 编译安装rlwrap（增强SQLPLUS功能）
rlwrap is a wrapper that uses the GNU readline library to allow the editing of keyboard input for any other command. Input history is kept between invocations, separately for each command; history completion and search work as in bash and completion word lists can be specified on the command line. 来自 <http://utopia.knoware.nl/~hlub/uck/rlwrap/>OTK集成了rlwrap工具
rlwrap增强了SQLPLUS的执行命令历史记录和自动完成功能
编译安装rlwrap
# cd /opt/oracle/otk/current/tools/rlwrap/ # ./configure # make # make install # rlwrap -vrlwrap 0.30
6. 使用OTK工具installManager安装osSetup
On the one hand it does what is required from Oracle documentation and on the other hand it setups also the environment for OTK. The next bullet list shows a summary. 来自 <https://www.oratoolkit.ch/tutorials/gettingStartedV.php> # /opt/oracle/otk/current/bin/installManager osSetup osSetup11gR2.cfg7. 把Oracle安装文件移入资源目录
OTK默认读取oracle安装文件的目录是/var/opt/oracle/repository；
OTK的swInst实例安装命令会读取这个目录：
# cd /media/oracle # chown oracle:oinstall * # mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /var/opt/oracle/repository/8. 登录Oracle用户，修改配置文件
# su - oracle ------------------------------------------------------ oraToolKit environment variables ------------------------------------------------------ Installation directory : /opt/oracle/otk Release : 1.0.2.1.5 $RUN directory : /opt/oracle/otk/1.0/bin $LOG_BASE directory : /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log ------------------------------------------------------ # vi .profile.custom.interactive修改文件中的SITE值。
9. 安装Oracle数据库
OTK是用swInst安装数据库的，swInst的工作原理：
The main purpose of swInst action is to execute OUI in silent mode in order to install the software. However, before it can be executed it is required to unzip the file containing the software. OTK starts here and takes care also about the extraction before launching runInstaller script. 来自 <https://www.oratoolkit.ch/tutorials/gettingStartedVII.php>用一个Shell脚本来安装数据库：
#bash # /opt/oracle/otk/1.0/conf/installManager 配置文件路径 cd $INSTALL_CONF # 拷贝Oracle11gR2配置文件,Step1,2,3 cp sample/swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step[123]-linux-x86_64.cfg . # swInst 引导安装 installManager swInst swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step1-linux-x86_64.cfg installManager swInst swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step2-linux-x86_64.cfg installManager swInst swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step3-linux-x86_64.cfg稍等片刻，最后输出如下信息：说明安装成功。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20140419_132032: Info: Executing libinstallManager.printInfoMsg function Check in the logs if there are commands to be executed manually. -Usually /opt/oracle/sesrv/11.1.0/db1/cfgtoollogs/configToolAllCommands contains such commands -Usually /opt/oracle/sesrv/11.1.0/db1/root.sh with root privileges has to be executed in case appctl framework is not used. -Usually /opt/oracle/sesrv/11.1.0/db1/install/changePerm.sh needs to be executed when other OS users requires Oracle libraries ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20140419_132032: Info: Action swInst of installManager ended successfully ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------完成剩余配置，执行root.sh命令，安装最后需要手工执行剩余的脚本：
# su - # /opt/oracle/eesrv/11.2.0/db1/root.sh # exit10. 创建数据库实例
OTK采用dbSetup来创建实例
# cd $INSTALL_CONF # ls -l dbSetup*.cfg dbSetup-dev.cfg dbSetup-prod.cfg dbSetup-test.cfg我安装的是开发模式（dev），我们还看到测试模式（test）和生产模式（prod）；
修改dbSetup-dev.cfg配置文件，必须修改的配置为：
ORACLE_HOME的值：
$ORACLE_BASE/sesrv/11.1.0/db1
修改为：
$ORACLE_BASE/eesrv/11.2.0/db1
执行安装命令：
# installManager dbSetup dbSetup-dev.cfg
接下来会看到在安装数据库实例，大约十几分钟，最后看到如下输出：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20130419_013000: Info: Executing libmiscellaneous.getFooter function 20130419_013000: Info: Terminating installManager execution 20130419_013000: Info: Summary log file: /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log-old/installManager/../installManager.log 20130419_013000: Info: Detailed log file: /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log-old/installManager/dbsetup-20130522_012901.log 20130419_013000: Info: Action dbSetup of installManager ended successfully ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Congratulations! 数据库可以使用了。
11. 登录SQLPLUS
# su - oracle ------------------------------------------------------ Oracle database environment variables ------------------------------------------------------ $ORACLE_HOME : /opt/oracle/eesrv/11.2.0/db1 $ORACLE_SID : dev $TNS_ADMIN : /opt/oracle/network ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ oraToolKit environment variables ------------------------------------------------------ Installation directory : /opt/oracle/otk Release : 1.0.2.1.5 $RUN directory : /opt/oracle/otk/1.0/bin $LOG_BASE directory : /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log ------------------------------------------------------ # sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 19 11:27:47 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL>查看数据库有哪些用户
SQL>select username from dba_users; USERNAME ------------------------------ SYSTEM SYS OTK ORACLE_OCM DBSNMP DIP OUTLN EXFSYS PERFSTAT APPQOSSYS HAPROBE 11 rows selected.说明SQLPLUS可以使用了。
12. 使用CTL管理数据库
OTK提供了一个通用的Oracle数据库管理工具，它代替了Oracle的APPCTL框架。
$ ctl status all //查看当前状态
# ctl start all //启动数据库
$ ctl stop all //停止数据库
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