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集群运维自动化工具ansible的安装与使用（包括模块与playbook使用）第1/2页

(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/11/25 浏览：3 次 )

我使用过puppet与salt，但这2个软件都需要安装客户端，并且更新很快，每次更新都是令人蛋疼的事，尤其是salt，喜欢他的命令功能，但bug太多，不敢在公司线上使用，puppet虽然稳定，但弄命令执行的时候，需要mco配置，非常麻烦，我公司由于跟多家公司合作，很多业务没办法安装客户端，所以没办法使用puppet与salt(虽然salt有ssh，但不太好使），最后找到了ansible，他既有命令执行也有配置管理，关键开发它的语言是python，paramiko进行ssh连接,跟我之前开发的自动管理软件都是使用paramiko进行操作，不需要安装客户端，满足我的需求，下面给大家介绍一下我是如何使用的。
一、安装
1、安装第三方epel源
centos 5的epel

rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

centos 6的epel

rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

查看系统版本

17:01:30 # cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

由于是6版本所以安装6的epel
2、安装ansible

yum install ansible

如果需要自定义module或者想阅读源码、使用最新版本，可以去github里下载源码

git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git

3、添加主机

17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
17:23:27 # ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts
其中ansible.cfg是配置文件，hosts是管理主机信息
17:24:44 # cat hosts
172.17.0.2:49154
172.17.0.4:49155
[zabbix]
172.17.0.2:49154
172.17.0.4:49155
[vpn]
172.17.0.10

4、使用密码登陆
ansible支持正则测试

16:20:57 # ansible 127* -m ping
SSH password: 
127.0.0.1 | success  {
  "changed": false, 
  "ping": "pong"
}
 
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
16:21:05 # ansible 172* -m ping
SSH password: 
172.17.0.5 | success  {
  "changed": false, 
  "ping": "pong"
}
 
172.17.0.4 | success  {
  "changed": false, 
  "ping": "pong"
}
 
172.17.0.2 | success  {
  "changed": false, 
  "ping": "pong"
}

如果你有多台服务器的话，想并发运行，可以使用-f参数，默认是并发5
5、使用密钥登陆测试

11:30:35 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
xterm

二、模块应用
6、文件传输

11:30:44 # ansible vpn -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success  {
  "changed": true, 
  "dest": "/tmp/server", 
  "gid": 505, 
  "group": "test", 
  "md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e", 
  "mode": "0664", 
  "owner": "test", 
  "size": 7, 
  "src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source", 
  "state": "file", 
  "uid": 503
}

去客户端查看文件是否传输过来

11:34:57 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
total 76
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid

可以看到已经传过来了
看看文件内容

11:35:09 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
server

内容正常
还有另外一个模块file，可以修改用户与权限
下面是当前文件状态

13:50:07 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server

server文件是664权限，用户与组都是test
修改一下

13:51:17 # ansible vpn -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success  {
  "changed": true, 
  "gid": 0, 
  "group": "root", 
  "mode": "0755", 
  "owner": "root", 
  "path": "/tmp/server", 
  "size": 7, 
  "state": "file", 
  "uid": 0
}
 
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
13:51:31 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server

7、安装软件

14:20:30 # ansible vpn -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success  {
  "changed": true, 
  "msg": "", 
  "rc": 0, 
  "results": [
    "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package    Arch       Version          Repository   Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap      x86_64      2:5.51-3.el6       Base      2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall    1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64                   1/1 \n\r Verifying : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64                   1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6                           \n\nComplete!\n"
  ]
}

三、playbook配置管理
8、playbook
A.进行一下shell模块操作，测试删除文件
先查看一下客户端的server-test是否存在

[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test

可以看到是存在的
然后写一个删除的playbook

[root@puppet ansible]# cat test.yml 
---
- hosts: vpn
 remote_user: test
 tasks:
 - name: delete /tmp/server-test
  shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test

运行

[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook test.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password: 
 
PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** 
 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [delete /tmp/server-test] *********************************************** 
changed: [172.17.0.10]
 
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0

在查看

[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 
ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directory

文件已经删除
B.进行一下template模块操作，测试文件传输

[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml 
---
- hosts: vpn
 remote_user: test
 tasks:
 - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
  template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password: 
 
PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** 
 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** 
changed: [172.17.0.10]
 
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0  
 
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test

C.使用service模块，测试一下服务重启

[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
Shutting down pptpd:                    [ OK ]
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s
SSH password: 
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
Shutting down pptpd:                    [ OK ]

D.多项目同时更新

[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
total 84
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
 
[root@puppet ansible]# vim multi_copy.yml 
[root@puppet ansible]# cat multi_copy.yml 
---
- hosts: vpn
 remote_user: test
 gather_facts: False
 tasks:
 - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
  template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}}
  with_items:
   - server-1
   - server-2
   - server-3
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password: 
 
PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** 
 
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** 
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
 
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
172.17.0.10       : ok=1  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0  
 
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

E.根据条件进行删除

[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
 
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete.yml 
---
- hosts: vpn
 remote_user: test
 gather_facts: True
 tasks:
 - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
  shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
 
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password: 
 
PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** 
 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ 
changed: [172.17.0.10]
 
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0  
 
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

F.debug输出

[root@puppet ansible]# cat debug.yml 
---
- hosts: vpn
 remote_user: test
 gather_facts: True
 tasks:
 - name: debug to print interface
  debug: msg="{{item}}"
  with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password: 
 
PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** 
 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [debug to print interface] ********************************************** 
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=10.10.32.34) => {
  "item": "10.10.32.34", 
  "msg": "10.10.32.34"
}

G.check模式，仅检测，但不实行

[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
 
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password: 
 
PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** 
 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** 
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
 
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0  
 
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=0  unreachable=0  failed=0
H.diff

使用diff与不使用作对比

[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
 
 
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
 
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password: 
 
PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** 
 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
 
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** 
--- before 
+++ after 
@@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
+server
 
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
 
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
 
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
 
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0

9、主机信息查看
类似puppet的fact、salt的grains

[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password: 
172.17.0.10 | success  {
  "ansible_facts": {
    "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
      "10.10.32.34", 
      "10.10.32.34"
    ], 
    "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
      "fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667"
    ], 
    "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", 
    "ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007", 
    "ansible_bios_version": "Bochs", 
    "ansible_cmdline": {
      "KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc", 
      "KEYTABLE": "us", 
      "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", 
      "quiet": true, 
      "rd_NO_DM": true, 
      "rd_NO_LUKS": true, 
      "rd_NO_LVM": true, 
      "rd_NO_MD": true, 
      "rhgb": true, 
      "ro": true, 
      "root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c"
    },

数据太多，我就展示部分。

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