Vue.js教程之axios与网络传输的学习实践

$ npm install axios

$ bower install axios

<script src="/UploadFiles/2021-04-02/axios.min.js">

基本使用方法
GET请求


// Make a request for a user with a given ID
axios.get('/user"htmlcode">

 axios.post('/user', {
 firstName: 'Fred',
 lastName: 'Flintstone'
 })
 .then(function (response) {
 console.log(response);
 })
 .catch(function (error) {
 console.log(error);
 });


同时执行多个请求


function getUserAccount() {
 return axios.get('/user/12345');
}

function getUserPermissions() {
 return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
}

axios.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
 .then(axios.spread(function (acct, perms) {
 // Both requests are now complete
 }));


其实和其他的ajax库一样，基本用法都是差不多的。大家一看就知道怎么用。
axios API
可以直接通过config来完成请求


axios(config)


axios({
 method: 'post',
 url: '/user/12345',
 data: {
 firstName: 'Fred',
 lastName: 'Flintstone'
 }
});


axios(url, [config])


// Send a GET request (default method)
axios('/user/12345');


请求方法别名
下面是axios支持的所有请求方法别名，便于各种请求。


注： [...]中的数据表示可以为空。url是ajax请求地址；data是提交的数据对象；config是配置对象，所有ajax配置都可以在config中实现。

  
axios.request(config)
  
axios.get(url[, config])
  
axios.delete(url[, config])
  
axios.head(url[, config])
  
axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
  
axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
  
axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])

  

并发性
下列接口用于处理并发请求(同时处理多个多个request)

  
axios.all(iterable)
  
axios.spread(callback)

  

axios实例
可以用自定义的config创建一个axios实例


axios.create([config])


var instance = axios.create({
 baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
 timeout: 1000,
 headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
});


实例方法
下面是实例的所有可用方法，方法中的config会与axios实例中的config合并。（实例可以将一些通用的config先配置好）

  
axios#request(config)
  
axios#get(url, [config])
  
axios#delete(url, [config])
  
axios#head(url, [config])
  
axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
  
axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
  
axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])

  

Config
重点来了，来看看Config。


下面列出了config的所有配置项，其中之后url是必填的。当method没有指定方法，默认为GET。


{
 // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
 // 用来向服务器发送请求的url
 url: '/user',

 // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
 // 请求方法
 method: 'get', // default

 // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
 // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
 // to methods of that instance.
 // 假如`url`不是绝对路径，那么向服务器发送请求的URL将是`baseURL + url`
 baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',

 // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
 // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH'
 // The last function in the array must return a string, an ArrayBuffer, or a Stream
 transformRequest: [function (data) {
 // Do whatever you want to transform the data

 return data;
 }],

 // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
 // it is passed to then/catch
 transformResponse: [function (data) {
 // Do whatever you want to transform the data

 return data;
 }],

 // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
 headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},

 // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
 // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
 params: {
 ID: 12345
 },

 // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params`
 // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)
 paramsSerializer: function(params) {
 return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'})
 },

 // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
 // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH'
 // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
 // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
 // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
 // - Node only: Stream
 data: {
 firstName: 'Fred'
 },

 // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
 // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
 timeout: 1000,

 // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
 // should be made using credentials
 withCredentials: false, // default

 // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
 // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see [response docs](#response-api)).
 adapter: function (config) {
 /* ... */
 },

 // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
 // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
 // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
 auth: {
 username: 'janedoe',
 password: 's00pers3cret'
 },

 // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
 // options are 'arraybuffer', 'blob', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
 responseType: 'json', // default

 // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
 xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default

 // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
 xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default

 // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
 onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
 // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
 },

 // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
 onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
 // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
 },

 // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content allowed
 maxContentLength: 2000,

 // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
 // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
 // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
 // rejected.
 validateStatus: function (status) {
 return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
 },

 // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
 // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
 maxRedirects: 5, // default

 // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
 // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows to configure options like
 // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
 httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
 httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),

 // 'proxy' defines the hostname and port of the proxy server
 // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and supplies credentials.
 // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
 proxy: {
 host: '127.0.0.1',
 port: 9000,
 auth: : {
 username: 'mikeymike',
 password: 'rapunz3l'
 }
 },

 // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
 // (see Cancellation section below for details)
 cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
 })
}


分析Config
配置参数很多，我们一个一个来了解它们

  
url —— 用来向服务器发送请求的url
  
method —— 请求方法，默认是GET方法
  
baseURL —— 基础URL路径，假如url不是绝对路径，如https://some-domain.com/api/v1/login"color: #ff0000">Response

当我们ajax获取数据成功后会返回一个response对象，它包含了以下内容：


{
 // `data` is the response that was provided by the server
 data: {},

 // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
 status: 200,

 // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
 statusText: 'OK',

 // `headers` the headers that the server responded with
 headers: {},

 // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
 config: {}
}


response是通过promise的then方法来获取,具体使用方法如下：


axios.get('/user/12345')
 .then(function(response) {
 console.log(response.data);
 console.log(response.status);
 console.log(response.statusText);
 console.log(response.headers);
 console.log(response.config);
 });


相对的，我们有时也会出现ajax报错，此时就会到我们的catch中去捕获异常error对象。
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。